CAO Guides

How to Choose a CAO Course in Ireland: A Step-by-Step Guide

Choosing a CAO course comes down to five steps: understand yourself, research courses that fit, check the entry requirements and realistic points, shortlist honestly, and list your ten Level 8 and ten Level 7/6 choices in genuine order of preference.

Summary

Every year around 80,000 people apply through the Central Applications Office (CAO), and the single most common regret is choosing a course for the wrong reason — points, a friend's choice, or a job title — rather than genuine fit. The five steps below are designed to prevent that: start with self-knowledge, research widely, check requirements and realistic points, weigh the practicalities, then order your list by true preference.

Step 1: Start With Yourself, Not the Course List

Good course choices are built on self-knowledge, not on scanning 1,500+ course titles hoping one jumps out. Before you look at any prospectus, get clear on four things:

  • Interests — what genuinely holds your attention, not just what you're told is "sensible".
  • Aptitudes — where your natural strengths lie (verbal, numerical, practical, creative).
  • Personality — structure or open-endedness; working with people, data, or your hands.
  • Values — what matters to you in work: income, helping others, creativity, security, independence.

A structured way to do this is a validated interest and personality assessment. The Course Compass assessment combines RIASEC interests, Big Five personality, and aptitude testing, then maps the result against 830+ CAO courses. You can also start free with our RIASEC interest test to get your three-letter Holland code before you narrow anything down.

Step 2: Research Courses That Fit — Widely at First

Once you know your profile, cast a wide net. Two students with the same interest in "biology" might suit very different courses — Nursing, Biomedical Science, Physiotherapy, Environmental Science, or Agricultural Science. Look past the course title to the actual modules. For each course that interests you, check:

  • The module list, year by year — content varies hugely between similarly-titled courses.
  • The award level — Level 8, Level 7, or Level 6. See NFQ Levels Explained.
  • Placement, Erasmus, or work-based elements, which strongly affect the experience.
  • Where it leads — further study, professional accreditation, or direct employment.

Use CourseCompass Course Search to compare across all Irish higher education institutions — UCD, TCD, DCU, UCC, University of Galway, UL, TU Dublin, ATU, SETU, MTU and more — and cross-reference with the official listings on cao.ie.

Step 3: Check Entry Requirements and Realistic Points

A course only belongs on your list if you can meet its requirements. There are two separate hurdles:

  1. Minimum entry requirements — specific subjects and grades a course demands (for example, HL Maths for engineering, or a lab science for many health courses). These are fixed and non-negotiable.
  2. Points — the CAO points cut-off, set each year by the last applicant offered a place, so it moves with demand. Use recent years as a guide, not a guarantee. See CAO Points Explained.

Be honest with yourself about your likely results, but don't self-eliminate too early — list aspirational courses high and safer options lower down (Step 5 explains why this costs you nothing).

Step 4: Weigh the Practical Factors

Fit is not only academic. The courses that people stay in and enjoy usually score well on the practicalities too.

FactorQuestions to ask
LocationCan you commute, or will you need accommodation? What's the real cost?
FinancesFees, living costs, and any SUSI grant eligibility.
Course length3, 4, or 5 years? Does it include a placement year?
Learning styleLecture-heavy vs. practical/lab vs. studio/project-based.
Class sizeLarge institution vs. smaller, more personal setting.
ProgressionDoes a Level 7 or Level 6 offer a clear route into a Level 8?

Step 5: Build Your List in Genuine Order of Preference

The CAO lets you list up to ten Level 8 courses and up to ten Level 7/6 courses. The rule that trips people up every year:

List courses in the order you genuinely want them — not in the order you think you'll get the points for.

The CAO offers you the highest course on your list that you qualify for, so putting a "safe" low-points course above your dream course can only hurt you. You never lose a lower choice by placing a higher one above it. Order by preference, honestly, top to bottom.

Worked Example

A student's profile from Course Compass comes back as Investigative–Social–Artistic (ISA) with strong verbal aptitude and high Conscientiousness. Their interests point to health and helping roles. A sensible, preference-ordered Level 8 list might look like:

  1. Speech & Language Therapy (aspirational, high points)
  2. Occupational Therapy
  3. Psychology
  4. General Nursing
  5. Health & Society / Social Sciences
  6. Arts (with Psychology pathway) — a broad, lower-points safety net they'd still enjoy

Each choice fits the same underlying profile, so any offer is a good outcome — the definition of a well-built list.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Choosing by points

Points measure demand, not difficulty or quality. A 300-point course can be as challenging and rewarding as a 500-point one.

Following a friend or a job title

"I want to be a physiotherapist" is a job, not a course — and there may be five routes to it. Choose the course whose content and daily reality you'd enjoy.

Leaving choices blank

Empty slots are missed safety nets. Fill your list with courses you'd genuinely accept.

Ignoring the "change of mind" window

Your July list isn't final. You can revise it free of charge until early July. See CAO Change of Mind.

A Faster Way to Shortlist

Course Compass does Steps 1–3 systematically: it profiles your interests, personality, and aptitudes, then returns your best-match courses from 830+ CAO options with the reasoning behind each and the points required. It's a structured starting shortlist you then refine with Steps 4–5.

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Guides

What CAO Course Is Right for Me?
Match your interests and personality to the right course
CAO Points Explained
How points are calculated from your Leaving Cert

Last reviewed: July 2026. CourseCompass is not affiliated with the CAO. Application dates and rules follow the current CAO cycle; always confirm deadlines at cao.ie.