What Has Changed Since You Applied?
If you did the Leaving Cert yourself, you'll remember the old A, B, C grading system. Since 2017, Ireland uses a percentage-based grading system with grades from H1 to H8 (Higher Level) and O1 to O8 (Ordinary Level). The maximum points are now 625, including the 25-point bonus for Higher Level Maths.
Everything is done online now — applications, fee payments, and the Change of Mind facility. The CAO website (cao.ie) is the central hub for all applications.
Always verify dates on cao.ie — these are based on typical cycle timings and may shift slightly.
How Points Work (Quick Version)
Your child's six best Leaving Cert results are converted to points. Higher Level subjects score more (up to 100 points per subject). A H6 or above in Higher Level Maths earns a 25-point bonus. The total determines which courses they're eligible for.
Read our full breakdown: What Are CAO Points and How Do They Work?
How to Support Without Adding Pressure
This is where your role as a parent is most important — and most delicate. Research consistently shows that students who feel supported (not pressured) make better decisions. Here's what helps:
- Listen more than advise: Ask open questions like "What excites you about that course?" rather than "Are you sure that's a good idea?"
- Avoid comparing: Their path doesn't need to look like yours, their sibling's, or their friends'
- Research together: Offer to help look into courses, but let them lead the process
- Attend open days together: This shows interest without taking over
- Normalise uncertainty: It's OK not to have everything figured out at 17
- Focus on fit, not prestige: The "best" course is the one that matches your child's strengths and interests
Understanding the Safety Net
One of the best things you can tell your child is that the CAO isn't a one-shot deal. There are multiple safety nets:
- Change of Mind: They can completely reorder their choices up until 1 July
- Available Places: After all rounds, unfilled places are offered openly
- PLC pathway: A Post-Leaving Cert course can lead to degree entry the following year
- Re-sit options: The Leaving Cert can be repeated, and only the best results count
- HEAR & DARE: Reduced-points schemes for students from disadvantaged backgrounds or with disabilities
Financial Planning
College costs more than just fees. Help your child budget for:
- Student Contribution Charge: Currently €3,000 per year (may be covered by SUSI grant)
- Accommodation: €5,000-€12,000+ per year depending on location
- Books and materials: €300-€800 per year
- Transport and living: Variable, but budget generously
- SUSI Grant: Apply at susi.ie — means-tested financial support for eligible families